???  ? ??????? ????? ?????? / ????? ?? ????? ?????? just after planet War II, there was a largely unsuccessful movement by quite a few poets to jot down poems in absolutely free verse (shi'r hurr). Iraqi poets Badr Shakir al-Sayyab and Nazik Al-Malaika (1923-2007) are considered to be the originators of free of charge verse in Arabic poetry. Many